Larsen B, Luna B. Adolescence as a neurobiological critical period for the development of higher-order cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018;94:179–95.
Google Scholar
Li H, Hafeez H, Zaheer M. COVID-19 and pretentious psychological well-being of students: a threat to educational sustainability. Front Psychol. 2020;11:628003.
Google Scholar
Yang J, Xiang L, Zheng S, Liang H. Learning stress, involvement, academic concerns, and mental health among university students during a pandemic: Influence of fear and moderation of self-efficacy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:10151.
Google Scholar
Realyvásquez-Vargas A, Maldonado-Macías A, Arredondo-Soto K, Baez-López Y, Carrillo-Gutierrez T, Hernández-Escobedo G. The impact of environmental factors on academic performance of university students taking online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Sustainability. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219194.
Google Scholar
Alonso J, Vilagut G, Mortier P, Auerbach RP, Bruffaerts R, Cuijpers P, et al. The role impairment associated with mental disorder risk profiles in the WHO World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2019;28:e1750.
Google Scholar
Dhillon S, Videla-Nash G, Foussias G, Segal ZV, Zakzanis KK. On the nature of objective and perceived cognitive impairments in depressive symptoms and real-world functioning in young adults. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:e112932.
Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395:912–20.
Google Scholar
Son C, Hegde S, Smith A, Wang X, Sasangohar F. Effects of covid-19 on college students mental health in the US: interview-survey study. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22:e21279.
Google Scholar
Grubic N, Badovinac SD, Johri A. Student mental health in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for further research and immediate solutions. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;66:517–8.
Google Scholar
Torales J, O’Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia J, Ventriglio A. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;66:317–20.
Google Scholar
Ahrens KF, Neumann RJ, Kollmann B, Brokelmann J, von Werthern NM, Malyshau A, et al. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on mental health in Germany: longitudinal observation of different mental health trajectories and protective factors. Transl Psychiatry. 2021;11:1–10.
Khan S, Siddique R, Li H, Ali A, Shereen MA, Bashir N, et al. Impact of coronavirus outbreak on psychological health. J Glob Health. 2020;10:010331.
Osman M. Global impact of COVID-19 on education systems: the emergency remote teaching at Sultan Qaboos University. J Educ Teach. 2020;46:463–71.
Syauqi K, Munadi S, Triyono MB. Students’ perceptions toward vocational education on online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Eval Res Educ. 2020;9:881–6.
Paul E, Brown G, Ridde V. COVID-19: time for paradigm shift in the nexus between local, national and global health. Br Med J Glob Health. 2020;5:e002622.
Lv X, Ma J, Brinthaupt TM, Zhao S, Ren X. Impacts of university lockdown during the coronavirus pandemic on college students’ academic achievement and critical thinking: A longitudinal study. Front Psychol. 2022;13:e995784.
Favale T, Soro F, Trevisan M, Drago I, Mellia M. Campus traffic and e-Learning during COVID-19 pandemic. Comput Netw. 2020;176:e107290.
Ali A, Siddiqui AA, Arshad MS, Iqbal F, Arif TB. Effects of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on lifestyle and mental health of students: A retrospective study from Karachi, Pakistan. Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique (Paris). 2022;180:S29–37.
Birmingham WC, Wadsworth LL, Lassetter JH, Graff TC, Lauren E, Hung M. COVID-19 lockdown: Impact on college students’ lives. J Am Coll Health. 2023;71:879–93.
Google Scholar
Busetta G, Campolo MG, Fiorillo F, Pagani L, Panarello D, Augello V. Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on university students’ anxiety disorder in Italy. Genus. 2021;77:25.
Google Scholar
Odriozola-González P, Planchuelo-Gómez Á, Irurtia MJ, De Luis-García R. Psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown among students and workers of a Spanish university. Psychiatry Res. 2020;290:e113108.
Wang X, Liu Q. Prevalence of anxiety symptoms among Chinese university students amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon. 2022;8: e10117.
Google Scholar
Jalal SM, Beth MRM, Al-Hassan HJM, Alshealah NMJ. Body mass index, practice of physical activity and lifestyle of students during COVID-19 lockdown. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2021;14:1901–10.
Google Scholar
Nirala SK, Naik BN, Rao R, Pandey S, Singh C, Chaudhary N. Impact of Lockdown due to COVID-19 on lifestyle and diet pattern of college students of Eastern India: A cross-sectional survey. Nepal J Epidemiol. 2022;12:1139–55.
Google Scholar
Romero-Blanco C, Rodríguez-Almagro J, Onieva-Zafra MD, Parra-Fernández ML, Prado-Laguna M del C, Hernández-Martínez A. Physical activity and sedentary lifestyle in university students: Changes during confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:e6567.
Larsson K, Onell C, Edlund K, Källberg H, Holm LW, Sundberg T, et al. Lifestyle behaviors in Swedish university students before and during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2022;22:1–11.
Tomás-Miquel J, Expósito-Langa M, Nicolau-Juliá D. The influence of relationship networks on academic performance in higher education: A comparative study between students of a creative and a non-creative discipline. High Educ. 2016;71:307–22.
Gonzalez T, De La Rubia MA, Hincz KP, Comas-Lopez M, Subirats L, Fort S, et al. Influence of COVID-19 confinement on students’ performance in higher education. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:e0239490.
Google Scholar
Zung WW. A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics. 1971;12:371–9.
Google Scholar
Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed). Erlbaum Associates. 1988.
Revelle W. psych: procedures for psychological, psychometric, and personality research. R Package Version 1.0–95. 2013.
Feldman A, Bauer AM, Castro-Herrera F, Chirio L, Das I, Doan TM, et al. The geography of snake reproductive mode: A global analysis of the evolution of snake viviparity. Glob Ecol Biogeogr. 2015;24:1433–42.
Burnham KP, Anderson DR, Huyvaert KP. AIC model selection and multimodel inference in behavioral ecology: some background, observations, and comparisons. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 2011;65:23–35.
Lefcheck JS. PIECEWISESEM: Piecewise structural equation modelling in R for ecology, evolution, and systematics. Methods Ecol Evol. 2016;7:573–9.
Shipley B. The AIC model selection method applied to path analytic models compared using a d-separation test. Ecology Ecology. 2013;94:560–4.
Google Scholar
Team RC. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 2018.
Dawson AF, Brown WW, Anderson J, Datta B, Donald JN, Hong K, et al. Mindfulness-based interventions for university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2020;12:384–410.
Google Scholar
Hu Y, Xu Y, Barwick F. 0472 Dynamic features of the treatment process predict different outcomes for patients undergoing cognitive behavioral therapy for Insomnia. Sleep. 2022;45:A209
Google Scholar
Wong M, Lau E, Wan J, Cheung S, Hui C, Mok D. The interplay between sleep and mood in predicting academic functioning, physical health and psychological health: a longitudinal study. J Psychosom Res. 2013;74(4):271–7.
Google Scholar
Herring M, Kline C, O’Connor P. Effects of exercise on sleep among young women with generalized anxiety disorder. Ment Health Phys Act. 2015;9:59–66.
Google Scholar
Lei X, Liu C, Jiang H. Mental health of college students and associated factors in Hubei of China. PLoS ONE. 2021;16:e0254183.
Google Scholar
Mei Q, Li C, Yin Y, Wang Q, Wang Q, Deng G. The relationship between the psychological stress of adolescents in school and the prevalence of chronic low back pain: A cross-sectional study in China. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2019;17:13–24.
Nguyen-Michel ST, Unger JB, Hamilton J, Spruijt-Metz D. Associations between physical activity and perceived stress/hassles in college students. Stress Health. 2006;22:179–88.
Jalali R, Khazaei H, Paveh BK, Hayrani Z, Menati L. The effect of sleep quality on students’ academic achievement. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2020;11:497–502.
Google Scholar
Al-Maskari A, Al-Riyami T, Kunjumuhammed SK. Students academic and social concerns during COVID-19 pandemic. Educ Inf Technol. 2022;27:1–21.
Elmer T, Mepham K, Stadtfeld C. Students under lockdown: comparisons of students’ social networks and mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis in Switzerland. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:e0236337.
Google Scholar
Huckins JF, daSilva AW, Wang W, Hedlund E, Rogers C, Nepal SK, et al. Mental health and behavior of college students during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal smartphone and ecological momentary assessment study. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22:e20185.
Google Scholar
Blume C, Schmidt MH, Cajochen C. Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on human sleep and rest-activity rhythms. Curr Biol. 2020;30:R795–7.
Google Scholar
Kirkbride JB, Anglin DM, Colman I, Dykxhoorn J, Jones PB, Patalay P, et al. The social determinants of mental health and disorder: evidence, prevention and recommendations. World Psychiatry. 2024;23:58–90.
Google Scholar
Qing Y, Li Z, Zhang Y. Changes in mental health among Chinese university students before and during campus lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a three-wave longitudinal study. Front Psych. 2023;14:e1267333.
Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:e112934.
Sundarasen S, Chinna K, Kamaludin K, Nurunnabi M, Baloch GM, Khoshaim HB, et al. Psychological impact of COVID-19 and lockdown among university students in Malaysia: implications and policy recommendations. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:e6206.
Sahu P. Closure of universities due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): impact on education and mental health of students and academic staff. Cureus. 2020;12:e7541.
Google Scholar
Toquero CM. Challenges and opportunities for higher education amid the COVID-19 pandemic: the philippine context. Pedagogical Res. 2020;5:e0063.
Zhai Y, Du X. Addressing collegiate mental health amid COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:e113003.
Lederer AM, Hoban MT, Lipson SK, Zhou S, Eisenberg D. More than inconvenienced: The unique needs of U.S. college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Educ Behav. 2021;48:14–9.
Google Scholar
Browning MHEM, Larson LR, Sharaievska I, Rigolon A, McAnirlin O, Mullenbach L, et al. Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: Risk factors across seven states in the United States. PLoS ONE. 2021;16:e0245327.
Google Scholar
Aucejo EM, French J, Ugalde Araya MP, Zafar B. The impact of COVID-19 on student experiences and expectations: Evidence from a survey. J Public Econ. 2020;191:e104271.
Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rasoulpoor S, Mohammadi M, et al. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Global Health. 2020;16:57.
Google Scholar
Oliveira C, Pereira A, Vagos P, Nóbrega C, Gonçalves J, Afonso B. Effectiveness of mobile app-based psychological interventions for college students: a systematic review of the literature. Front Psychol. 2021;12:e647606.