Rising security threats in Europe have led countries to tighten border controls, threatening to cause uneven functioning of the passport-free Schengen area in the coming months, leading to greater economic losses and business disruptions. In recent months, several member states of Europe's passport-free Schengen area have reintroduced security controls at their international borders. In June and July, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Italy, Norway, Denmark, Sweden and France all introduced or extended border controls, also affecting Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Switzerland, Croatia and Hungary, which share borders with these countries. As a result, half of the 29 member states of the Schengen area now face controls at all or part of their borders. Most of these measures are currently due to end between November and December, but could continue until 2025 as Schengen rules allow for extensions. …
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