Scientists have long been searching for answers to questions that have helped people acquire the ability to speak. The latest research published in the journal Nature Communications by the DR team. Robert B. Darnell suggests that changes in the FOXP2 and NOVA1 genes may be of importance in this process. How did they have an impact on the development of language skills?
The FOXP2 gene encodes proteins belonging to the family of transcription factors that regulate the expression of many genes. It operates in a variety of tissues in the body, including the brain, heart, and digestive system. In animals, FOXP2 is responsible for the communication process of birds and bats songs. In people, his mutations lead to language disorders such as developmental language disorders and language disorders.
Pixabay FOXP2 is responsible for the communications process
Analysis of the genome of extinct human relatives including Neanderthals and Denisians showed that they have an identical version of FOXP2 with modern people.
Gen Nova1 and its impact on audio capabilities
Research by Rockefeller University scientists has shown to play an important role in the evolution of language skills. It encodes the NOVA-1 protein, which causes development of the nervous system and neuromuscular control required for proper use of the voice device. The Nova1 version that exists in humans is different from the version that has ancestors.
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Experiments in mice introduced with human mutant Nova1 showed changes in animal vocalization. This suggests that this gene had an impact on speech development. Expression of FOXP2 and NOVA1 was found in the brain regions responsible for language, particularly in the basal ganglia and frontal bark.
Mice without FOXP2 were difficult to make consistent noises and caused serious damage to brain and lung development due to a complete lack of both copies of the gene. Both genes affect the communication activity of many other synaptic and neurons.
Effects of genetic variation on language development
FOXP2 and NOVA1 are not the only genes associated with human speech, but their specific mutations may have influenced the language development of homo sapiens. Research shows that interactions between these genes lead to the creation of more complex neuronal networks, allowing for precise control of language devices and more advanced language processing.
By learning more about the mechanisms of the action of these genes, we will deepen our knowledge of human evolution and open up new possibilities in the diagnosis and treatment of language disorders (such as aphasia and language disorders of development). Further research will help us to discover subsequent genetic factors that have shaped people’s unique ability to communicate verbally.
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